Did you know that bipolar disorder often co-occurs with other mental disorders such as anxiety disorders, ADHD, substance misuse, or eating disorders1? Taking a bipolar test, like the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), can be the first step in understanding your mental health and seeking the support you need. While no test can replace a professional diagnosis, a bipolar disorder screening can help you identify symptoms and decide if it’s time to speak with a mental health professional2.
Bipolar disorder is a complex mental health condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by extreme mood swings, ranging from manic episodes of excessive talking, insomnia, reckless behavior, aggression, and delusions to depressive episodes marked by slow movement, excessive sleep, restlessness, guilt, irritability, and delusions2. The intensity and frequency of these mood swings can vary depending on the type of bipolar disorder an individual has2.
Taking a bipolar test, like the MDQ, is a simple way to start exploring your mental health. The questionnaire consists of 15 questions, and the number of notable “Yes” responses can indicate the likelihood of bipolar disorder2. However, it’s crucial to remember that an accurate diagnosis of bipolar disorder can be challenging and often requires multiple consultations with medical professionals to develop an appropriate treatment plan2.
Key Takeaways
- Bipolar disorder is a complex mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings.
- A bipolar test, such as the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), can help identify symptoms of bipolar disorder.
- While a bipolar test can’t replace a professional diagnosis, it can be a useful first step in understanding your mental health.
- Accurate diagnosis of bipolar disorder often requires multiple consultations with medical professionals.
- Seeking support from mental health professionals is essential for managing bipolar disorder symptoms and improving quality of life.
What Is Bipolar Disorder?
Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings, fluctuating between intense emotional highs (manic episodes) and lows (depressive episodes). These mood swings can significantly impact an individual’s energy levels, thoughts, behaviors, and overall functioning in daily life3. Bipolar disorder affects approximately 2.6 percent of the U.S. population, which translates to roughly 5.7 million Americans4. It can affect individuals from all genders, races, ethnic groups, and income levels4.
Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder
The symptoms of bipolar disorder can vary widely from person to person, but they generally involve dramatic shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels. During a manic episode, individuals may experience:
- Elevated or irritable mood
- Increased energy and decreased need for sleep
- Racing thoughts and rapid speech
- Impulsive and risky behaviors
- Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
On the other hand, during a depressive episode, individuals may experience:
- Persistent feelings of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness
- Decreased energy and fatigue
- Difficulty concentrating and making decisions
- Changes in sleep patterns (insomnia or hypersomnia)
- Thoughts of death or suicide
Around 60-65% of people with bipolar disorder experience mixed episodes where symptoms of mania and depression occur simultaneously5. Individuals with untreated bipolar disorder may struggle with focusing, completing daily tasks, and maintaining healthy relationships3.
Types of Bipolar Disorder
There are several subtypes of bipolar disorder, with Bipolar I and Bipolar II being the most common4. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, text revision (DSM-5-TR):
- Bipolar I disorder involves manic episodes that last for a week or longer, and depressive episodes are not mandatory for diagnosis3. A bipolar 1 disorder diagnosis requires a manic episode lasting at least a week (any duration if hospitalized)5.
- Bipolar II disorder is characterized by hypomanic episodes lasting at least 4 days and depressive episodes lasting 2 weeks. It tends to exhibit more debilitating depressive episodes compared to manic episodes3. A person with bipolar 2 will have a hypomanic episode followed by a major depressive episode5.
Rapid cycling in bipolar disorder involves moods shifting from mania to depression four or more times a year5. Bipolar disorder is usually first experienced in the late teens or early adulthood4.
The Importance of Bipolar Screening
Bipolar disorder is a serious mental health condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Large epidemiological studies indicate a prevalence of 1% for bipolar I disorder and an additional 3% for bipolar II disorder in the general population6. The Global Burden of Disease reported by the World Health Organization in 2004 highlights the significant impact of bipolar disorder on society and healthcare systems7.
Early detection and proper diagnosis are crucial for effectively managing bipolar disorder. However, the average time between the onset of symptoms and formal diagnosis is more than seven years due to poor screening and improper diagnosis by practitioners6. This delay in diagnosis can lead to unnecessary suffering and a higher risk of complications, such as substance abuse and suicide.
Comorbidity rates with anxiety disorders and substance abuse disorders have been reported as high as 93% and 61%, respectively, in individuals with bipolar disorder6. A study in 2004 further explored the complex nature of comorbidity in bipolar disorder, emphasizing the challenges it poses for treatment decisions7. Accurate screening tools and psychiatric evaluations are essential for identifying and addressing these comorbid conditions.
A study in 2017 highlighted the increased sensitivity in detecting bipolar disorder using specific criteria, emphasizing the importance of accurate screening tools7.
Bipolar screening involves a comprehensive assessment of an individual’s mental health, including:
- Evaluation of mood patterns and episodes
- Assessment of manic and depressive symptoms
- Family history of mental health disorders
- Substance use and medical history
By understanding the prevalence, impact, and challenges associated with bipolar disorder, mental health professionals and individuals can recognize the importance of timely and accurate screening. Regular depression assessments, manic episode evaluations, and psychiatric evaluations can help identify bipolar disorder early on, leading to better outcomes and improved quality of life for those affected.
Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ)
The Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) is a self-reported bipolar disorder test designed to help identify symptoms of bipolar disorder. This screening tool consists of a series of questions about your mood, energy levels, and behavior. By answering these questions honestly, you can gain valuable insights into your mental health8.
It’s important to remember that the MDQ is not a diagnostic tool, and a full medical evaluation by a doctor is necessary for an accurate and thorough diagnosis of bipolar disorder8. The MDQ correctly identifies 7 out of 10 patients as having bipolar disorder and correctly screens out 9 out of 10 patients as not having bipolar disorder9.
How the MDQ Works
The MDQ is a brief questionnaire that takes less than 5 minutes to complete8. It consists of three main sections:
- A series of 13 yes/no questions about mood, energy, and behavior
- A question about whether the symptoms occurred during the same time period
- A question about the severity of the problem caused by the symptoms
By answering these questions, you can help your healthcare provider determine whether further assessment for bipolar disorder is necessary.
Interpreting Your MDQ Results
If a patient answers ‘Yes’ to 7 or more events in question #1, ‘Yes’ to question #2, and rates their problem level as ‘Moderate problem’ or ‘Serious problem’ in question #3, further medical assessment for bipolar disorder is recommended8.
Remember, the MDQ is a screening tool, not a diagnostic tool. A full medical evaluation by a doctor is necessary for an accurate diagnosis of bipolar disorder.
Bipolar disorder is a serious mental health condition that affects approximately 1% of the population9. Patients with bipolar disorder spend one-fifth of their lives in an episode of illness, and the rates of suicide attempts range from 25% to 50%9. Early detection and proper treatment are crucial for managing bipolar disorder and improving quality of life.
Factors That Can Affect Mood and Energy Levels
When taking a bipolar test, it’s crucial to consider various factors that can influence your mood and energy levels apart from bipolar disorder. Several substances, medical conditions, and lifestyle factors can trigger symptoms that may resemble those of bipolar disorder, potentially leading to misdiagnosis or confusion about the underlying cause.
Substance Use and Bipolar Symptoms
Substance use can significantly impact mood and energy levels, sometimes mimicking the symptoms of bipolar disorder. Drugs like cocaine, ecstasy, amphetamines, alcohol, and tranquilizers can trigger manic or depressive episodes10. Additionally, certain medications, such as antidepressants, anti-anxiety drugs, appetite suppressants, corticosteroids, over-the-counter cold medicine, caffeine, and thyroid medications, can induce manic symptoms10. Individuals with bipolar disorder may also experience co-occurring mental disorders like substance misuse10.
Medical Conditions and Bipolar Disorder
Various medical conditions can affect mood and energy levels, potentially leading to symptoms similar to those of bipolar disorder. Hypothyroidism, Addison’s disease, and Cushing’s syndrome are examples of such conditions. Misdiagnosis can occur in bipolar disorder due to symptom similarities with other illnesses, such as thyroid disease10. It’s essential to rule out underlying medical causes when assessing bipolar disorder symptoms.
Lifestyle Factors and Mood Changes
Lifestyle factors play a significant role in regulating mood and energy levels. Sleep deprivation, seasonal changes, excessive caffeine consumption, vitamin B12 deficiency, and high stress levels can all contribute to mood instability. Bipolar disorder can lead to serious complications if left untreated, including drug and alcohol misuse, legal or financial problems, and poor performance at work or school11. Factors that raise the risk of developing bipolar disorder include high-stress periods and drug or alcohol misuse11.
| Factor | Potential Impact on Mood and Energy |
|---|---|
| Substance Use | Can trigger manic or depressive episodes, mimic bipolar symptoms |
| Medical Conditions | Hypothyroidism, Addison’s disease, Cushing’s syndrome can affect mood |
| Sleep Deprivation | Can lead to irritability, mood swings, and decreased energy levels |
| Stress | High stress levels can contribute to mood instability and trigger episodes |
When interpreting the results of a bipolar test, it’s crucial to consider the potential influence of substance use, medical conditions, and lifestyle factors on your mood and energy levels. Consulting with a mental health professional can help you gain a clearer understanding of your symptoms and determine the most appropriate course of action for your unique situation.
The Challenges of Diagnosing Bipolar Disorder
Obtaining an accurate diagnosis for bipolar disorder can be a complex and lengthy process, even for experienced mental health professionals. The symptoms of bipolar disorder often overlap with those of other mental health conditions, such as major depression, ADHD, and borderline personality disorder, making it challenging to distinguish between them12.
In many cases, individuals may need to attend multiple consultations and undergo thorough evaluations before receiving a definitive bipolar disorder diagnosis and an appropriate treatment plan. A study published in the Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy in 2008 investigated the prevalence and humanistic impact of potential misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder among patients with major depressive disorder in a commercially insured population12.
Misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis can have significant consequences for those affected by bipolar disorder. A survey conducted in 2000 by the National Depressive and Manic-Depressive Association gathered perceptions and impacts of bipolar disorder from individuals with the condition, highlighting the importance of timely and accurate diagnosis13.
“I spent years being misdiagnosed with depression and anxiety before finally receiving the correct diagnosis of bipolar disorder. It was a relief to finally understand what I was going through, but I can’t help but wonder how different my life could have been if I had received the proper treatment sooner.”
To improve diagnostic accuracy, mental health professionals often rely on comprehensive assessments, including structured interviews, symptom checklists, and screening tools like the Mood Disorder Questionnaire, which was developed and validated in 200012. These tools help clinicians gather essential information about an individual’s symptoms, family history, and overall functioning to make a well-informed diagnosis.
Despite advances in diagnostic criteria and assessment tools, the process of accurately diagnosing bipolar disorder remains challenging. Ongoing research, such as the field trials conducted in the US and Canada in 2008 that focused on the test-retest reliability of selected categorical disorders for the DSM-5, aims to improve the reliability and validity of psychiatric diagnoses13.
If you suspect that you or a loved one may have bipolar disorder, it is crucial to seek help from a qualified mental health professional. They can provide a comprehensive evaluation, make an accurate diagnosis, and develop an individualized treatment plan to manage symptoms and improve overall quality of life.
Finding the Right Mental Health Professional
If you suspect that you may have bipolar disorder based on the results of a bipolar test, seeking help from a qualified mental health professional is crucial. Finding the right therapist or psychiatrist who specializes in treating bipolar disorder can make a significant difference in your journey towards better mental health.
Various types of mental health providers can help you manage bipolar disorder, including psychiatrists, psychologists, psychiatric mental health nurses, physician assistants, licensed clinical social workers, licensed professional counselors, and marriage and family therapists14. Among these professionals, psychiatrists are physicians who specialize in mental health, capable of identifying and treating mental health conditions, as well as prescribing medication14.
Psychiatrists Specializing in Bipolar Disorder
When searching for a mental health professional to help with bipolar disorder treatment, it’s essential to find a psychiatrist who has experience and expertise in this specific area. Therapy can be especially beneficial in managing bipolar disorder symptoms, such as mood changes and manic episodes, when medication is part of the treatment plan, according to NAMI15. Different types of therapies that are effective in managing bipolar disorder include Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), Family-focused therapy, Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy, and Dialectical behavioral therapy15.
Therapy for bipolar disorder may be particularly effective when conducted in family or group settings, as indicated by a review of 39 studies15. Positive outcomes in therapy are often achieved when therapists demonstrate traits such as compassion, empathy, and respect for their clients, according to clinical experience from professionals15.
When choosing a mental health provider, consider factors such as the provider’s education, training, licensing, years in practice, specialization, treatment approaches, accepted insurance providers, office hours, fees, and length of sessions14. You can find a mental health provider by asking your health insurance company for covered providers, seeking referrals from primary care providers, obtaining recommendations from friends or faith communities, checking employer assistance programs or school health centers, contacting mental health organizations, and searching professional association directories or online resources14.
It is suggested that individuals may need to interview multiple mental health professionals specializing in bipolar disorder before finding the right therapist for their needs, emphasizing that there is a therapist for everyone15.
Keep in mind that the cost of therapy typically ranges between $65 and $200 per session, with an average cost in most areas being $100 to $200. Prices may be higher in major metropolitan areas, and specialized therapists may also charge more15. Additional considerations when selecting a mental health provider involve the specific mental health condition or concern, the need for medication or counseling, and understanding health insurance coverage limitations14.
Bipolar Test: A First Step Toward Understanding Your Mental Health
Taking a bipolar test is a proactive step towards understanding your mental health and identifying potential symptoms of bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder affects approximately 2.8% of the U.S. adult population each year16, with 2.6 percent of Americans, totaling 5.7 million people, having bipolar disorder17. By recognizing the signs and causes of bipolar disorder, you can begin the journey towards effective treatment and management.
Bipolar disorder is characterized by distinct types, each with its own set of symptoms. Bipolar I Disorder involves manic episodes lasting at least 7 days17 or severe manic symptoms that require immediate hospital care16. Bipolar II Disorder is defined by a pattern of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes17, without the full-blown manic episodes seen in Bipolar I Disorder16. Cyclothymic Disorder involves periods of hypomanic symptoms and periods of depressive symptoms lasting for at least 2 years17.
The signs of bipolar disorder include:
- Feelings of euphoria and self-confidence
- Racing thoughts
- Less need for sleep
- Poor attention span
- Hallucinations and delusions
- Grandiosity
Research indicates that genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of bipolar disorder16. While the exact causes are not fully understood, taking a bipolar test can help identify potential risk factors and guide you towards appropriate care.
Remember, a bipolar test is just one tool in the diagnostic process, and it’s crucial to work with a mental health professional to receive a comprehensive evaluation and individualized treatment plan.
Proper treatment for bipolar disorder often involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy, lifestyle changes, and support from family and friends16. Specialized treatment programs, such as those offered by Acera Health, provide personalized care tailored to the specific needs of individuals with bipolar disorder16.
By taking a bipolar test and understanding your mental health, you can take the first step towards managing your symptoms and improving your overall well-being. Don’t hesitate to reach out for support and guidance as you navigate this journey.
Support and Resources for Bipolar Disorder
Navigating the challenges of bipolar disorder can be overwhelming, but it’s essential to remember that you are not alone. There are numerous support and resources available to help individuals with bipolar disorder manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life. These resources range from hotlines and helplines to support groups and online therapy options.
Hotlines and Helplines
If you or someone you know is struggling with bipolar disorder, don’t hesitate to reach out for help. In the United States, the NAMI HelpLine is available at 1-800-950-6264, providing information, support, and referrals to local resources. Early diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder are crucial to managing symptoms effectively18.
Support Groups
Joining a support group can be an invaluable resource for individuals with bipolar disorder. In the U.S., you can find DBSA Chapters and Support Groups in your area, offering a safe space to connect with others who understand your experiences. Bipolar UK provides a peer support line at 0333 323 3880 and local Support Groups throughout the United Kingdom. The Mood Disorders Society of Canada offers links to provincial helplines and support groups for those in Canada. Psychotherapy, medication, education, self-management strategies, and external support are essential in treating bipolar disorder18.
Online Therapy Options
For some individuals, online therapy may be a convenient and accessible option for managing bipolar disorder. Platforms like Talkspace connect you with licensed therapists who specialize in treating mood disorders, providing support through text, audio, or video sessions. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can help change the negative thinking associated with bipolar disorder18. Treatment for bipolar disorder may include medications, talk therapy (psychotherapy), and additional support programs19.
| Resource | Description | Contact Information |
|---|---|---|
| NAMI HelpLine (U.S.) | Information, support, and referrals | 1-800-950-6264 |
| DBSA Chapters (U.S.) | Local support groups | Find a chapter at www.dbsalliance.org |
| Bipolar UK | Peer support line and local support groups | 0333 323 3880 (UK) |
| Mood Disorders Society of Canada | Links to provincial helplines and support groups | Visit www.mooddisorderscanada.ca |
| Talkspace | Online therapy with licensed therapists | Visit www.talkspace.com |
Remember, seeking help is a sign of strength, not weakness. Bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition, requiring ongoing treatment to manage symptoms effectively19. By reaching out for support and resources, you are taking an essential step towards understanding your mental health and improving your overall well-being.
Taking Control of Your Mental Health Journey
Completing a bipolar test is an essential first step in your mental health journey, but it’s only the beginning. With a clearer understanding of your symptoms and a potential diagnosis, you can now take control of your well-being and embark on a path towards effective bipolar disorder management.
Remember, bipolar disorder is a complex condition characterized by significant fluctuations in mood, energy, and activity levels, presenting as distinct episodes of mania or hypomania and depression20. These symptoms can vary in intensity and significantly impact daily life20. However, with the right treatment options and support, you can learn to manage your symptoms and lead a fulfilling life.
One crucial aspect of taking control of your mental health journey is seeking professional help. A mental health professional can provide an accurate diagnosis and guide you through the various treatment options available. These may include:
- Medications: Mood stabilizers like lithium and valproate are commonly prescribed to reduce the intensity of mood-related episodes21. Antipsychotics and antidepressants may also be used cautiously to control manic episodes, maintain stable moods, and treat depressive episodes20.
- Psychotherapy: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) can help mitigate depressive symptoms and reduce the frequency of mood episodes20. Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT) focuses on stabilizing daily rhythms to reduce mood swings, while Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) emphasizes mindfulness, emotional regulation, and stress management techniques20.
- Alternative treatments: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), light therapy, and Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may be considered in some cases21.
In addition to professional treatment, building a strong support network is essential for effective bipolar disorder management. Reach out to family, friends, and support groups who can offer understanding, encouragement, and practical assistance throughout your journey.
Remember, managing bipolar disorder is an ongoing process that requires patience, persistence, and a willingness to adapt. By staying committed to your treatment plan and making necessary lifestyle changes, you can take control of your mental health and create a more balanced, fulfilling life.
As you navigate your mental health journey, keep in mind that nearly 7 million people in the US have bipolar disorder, which can be categorized into several subtypes, including Bipolar I, Bipolar II, and Cyclothymic disorder21. You are not alone in this journey, and with the right tools and resources, you can thrive despite the challenges posed by bipolar disorder.
Conclusion
Taking a bipolar test is an essential first step in understanding your mental health and identifying potential signs of bipolar disorder, which affects around 2.8% of the U.S. population according to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI)22. By recognizing the symptoms, causes, and types of bipolar disorder, you can proactively seek an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. It’s crucial to note that bipolar disorders affect more than 1% of the world’s population, with a lifetime incidence of 0.6% for bipolar I disorder and 0.4% for bipolar II disorder23.
Misdiagnosis and mistreatment of bipolar disorder are common issues, as demonstrated by a study in a Bedford’s Community Mental Health Team (CMHT) where patients with bipolar II disorder were frequently misdiagnosed and treated with antidepressants only, leading to mood swings and increased suicidality24. However, with increased awareness and proper diagnosis, the percentage of bipolar patients in the sample increased from 8.9% to 14.3% due to heightened recognition of Bipolar II cases24. This highlights the importance of seeking help from mental health professionals, such as psychiatrists specializing in bipolar disorder, who can provide accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Remember, you don’t have to face this journey alone. There are numerous support resources available, including hotlines, helplines, support groups, and online therapy options. Organizations like My Life Spectrum are dedicated to providing information, resources, and support for individuals affected by bipolar disorder. By prioritizing your mental health and seeking help when needed, you can work towards managing your symptoms, reducing the severity of episodes, and ultimately achieving a more balanced and fulfilling life.
FAQ
What is a bipolar test?
Can a bipolar test replace a professional diagnosis?
What are the symptoms of bipolar disorder?
What factors can affect mood and energy levels?
Why is it challenging to diagnose bipolar disorder?
How can I find the right mental health professional for bipolar disorder treatment?
What support and resources are available for individuals with bipolar disorder?
How can I take control of my mental health journey with bipolar disorder?
Source Links
- Bipolar Disorder – https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/bipolar-disorder
- Bipolar Disorder Test – HelpGuide.org – https://www.helpguide.org/articles/bipolar-disorder/bipolar-disorder-test.htm
- Bipolar Disorder Test – https://psychcentral.com/quizzes/bipolar-disorder-test
- [Self-Test] Bipolar Disorder in Adults – https://www.additudemag.com/screener-bipolar-disorder-symptoms-test-adults/
- Tests for Bipolar Disorder – https://www.healthline.com/health/bipolar-disorder/bipolar-tests
- Assessment Tools for Adult Bipolar Disorder – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2847794/
- Assessment Tool of Bipolar Disorder for Primary Health Care: The SAEBD – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8392302/
- MECH – https://www.ohsu.edu/sites/default/files/2019-06/cms-quality-bipolar_disorder_mdq_screener.pdf
- The Mood Disorder Questionnaire: A Simple, Patient-Rated Screening Instrument for Bipolar Disorder – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC314375/
- Bipolar Disorder – https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder
- Bipolar disorder – Symptoms and causes – https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bipolar-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20355955
- The Diagnosis and Treatment of Bipolar Disorder: Decision-Making in Primary Care – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4195640/
- Bipolar disorder diagnosis: challenges and future directions – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5858935/
- How to find a good counselor or other mental health provider – https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/mental-health-providers/art-20045530
- How to Find the Right Therapist for Bipolar Disorder – https://www.healthline.com/health/bipolar-disorder/finding-the-right-therapist
- Bipolar Quiz | Do I Have Bipolar Disorder? – https://acerahealth.com/disorders/bipolar-treatment-in-orange-county-ca/bipolar-quiz/
- Bipolar Disorder Test (Am I Bipolar?) | Solara Mental Health – https://solaramentalhealth.com/bipolar-self-test/
- Bipolar Disorder – https://www.nami.org/about-mental-illness/mental-health-conditions/bipolar-disorder/
- Bipolar disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic – https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bipolar-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355961
- Do I Have Bipolar Disorder Test | Bipolar Disorder Quiz – https://sterlinginstitute.org/do-i-have-bipolar-disorder-test/
- Bipolar Disorder Test: Quick and Free With Instant Results – https://www.theedgetreatment.com/resources/tests/bipolar-disorder-test/
- Bipolar disorder: Symptoms, causes, types, and treatment – https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/37010
- Bipolar Disorders: Evaluation and Treatment – https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0215/p227.html
- Microsoft Word – dnb-22_S1-42.doc – https://www.psychiatria-danubina.com/UserDocsImages/pdf/dnb_vol22 Suppl 1_no/dnb_vol22 Suppl 1_no_S36.pdf
